E cigarette aerosol exposure can cause craniofacial defects in Xenopus laevis embryos and mammalian neural crest cells PLOS One Health Effects of E Cigarettes Kansas Health Institute Frontiers Aerosolized nicotine from e cigarettes alters gene expression, increases lung protein permeability, and impairs viral clearance in murine influenza infection E liquids and vanillin flavoring disrupts retinoic acid signaling and causes craniofacial defects in Xenopus embryos ScienceDirect Exposure to third hand e cigarette vapour impairs cognitive function in young mice ScienceDirect Chronic electronic cigarette exposure in mice induces features of COPD in a nicotine dependent manner Thorax